Category: Clinical Periodontology

Introduction to bone destruction in periodontitis Microbial etiology of periodontal diseases is well established, but the present data strongly suggest an equally important role of host immune response in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. The initial response to bacterial infection is a local inflammatory reaction that activates the innate immune system, causing the release of…

Introduction to the periodontal pocket The formation of a true periodontal pocket is the hallmark of periodontitis. It is characterized by the apical migration of the junctional epithelium from its normal position at the cementoenamel junction. Various investigators throughout history have tried to understand the exact mechanism of pocket formation. Historically, various theories of pocket…

Introduction to periodontal Pocket The periodontal pocket is a pathologically deepened gingival sulcus due to the apical migration of junctional epithelium. It may occur due to coronal movement of the gingival margin, apical displacement of epithelial attachment or a combination of the above. The coronal movement of the gingival margin (gingival enlargement) without the destruction…

Introduction to gingivitis It has been well established that diseases are initiated by oral bacteria perturbing epithelial cells, which trigger innate, inflammatory, and adaptive immune responses. These processes result in the destruction of the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth and eventually result in tissue, bone, and, finally, tooth loss. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a cell…

Introduction to the recent 2017 classification system Since the introduction of the World Workshop 1999 classification, tremendous research has been done in both basic and clinical fields in periodontics. With the evolution of new evidence, there was a need to re-define various periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions. With this intention, the American Academy of…

Introduction to classification systems used in periodontics Our basic understanding regarding periodontal diseases and the concepts in the etiopathogenesis of periodontal diseases have evolved and substantially changed during the past centuries. The initial classification systems were based on the clinical features of the diseases (1870-1920), then came the concepts of classical pathology (1920-1970), and presently…

Introduction to indices The index is defined as a numerical value describing the relative status of the population on a graduated scale with definite upper and lower limits which is designed to permit and facilitate comparison with other populations classified by the same criteria and methods 30. With the help of indices, various populations can…

Introduction to the epidemiology of periodontal diseases Gingivitis and periodontitis are the inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues. Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gingival tissue and periodontitis is characterized by clinical attachment loss. For centuries, man has tried to understand the cause of these diseases, their prevention, and treatment. Epidemiology is the study of a…