Periodontal vaccine

Vaccination: Vaccination is a process that induces specific immune resistance to a bacterial or viral infection. In vaccination, dead or attenuated living infectious material is introduced into the body with the objective of increasing resistance or eliminating the disease. The first and foremost step in making a vaccine is the identification of the antigenic component…

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What are the oral and periodontal manifestations of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (Type IV, VIII)?

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is also known as tenascin X-Deficiency syndrome, Lysyl Hydroxylase Deficiency syndrome, Cutis Hyperelastica, Dystrophia Mesodermalis and Fibrodysplasia Elastic Generalisatica. It is a hereditary collagen disease presenting primarily as dermatological and joint disorders. This disorder affects the connective tissues in the body and is characterized by joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility, and tissue…

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Periodontitis as an autoimmune disease

Periodontitis as an autoimmune disease The microbial etiology is the primary etiology of periodontal diseases. However, Brandtzaeg and Kraus (1965) 1 were the first to postulate the autoimmune basis in the pathogenesis of the periodontal disease. Autoimmunity results when there is an imbalance between the effector and regulatory immune responses. Under normal conditions, the immune…

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Subversion of the host response in periodontitis

Can micro-organisms subvert our immune response??? The subgingival microbiota in periodontal pockets consists of Gram-negative assaccharolytic anaerobic bacteria which are capable of releasing multiple virulence factors. To cause disease, these bacteria must survive in the hostile inflammatory environment that contains an array of host-generated bactericidal molecules and innate immune effector cells. But, on the other…

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Adverse effects of periodontitis on pregnancy outcomes

Introduction to adverse pregnancy outcomes In 1931 Galloway first suggested that maternal periodontal infection may play a role in complications of pregnancy, including ”miscarriage, pyelitis, mastitis, phlebitis, anemia and toxemias of pregnancy” 1. Since then, evidence has accumulated linking the maternal periodontal disease with adverse pregnancy outcomes. In the last decade, the adverse effects of…

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Periodontitis as a risk factor for pulmonary diseases

Introduction As discussed in previous chapters, periodontal infections have been shown to act as a risk factor for various systemic diseases. With increasing research in the field of periodontal medicine, more evidence is coming into picture, demonstrating the relationship between periodontal diseases and various systemic conditions. The relationship between periodontal diseases and pulmonary infections is…

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Periodontitis as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases

Introduction to relationship between cardiovascular and periodontal diseases Periodontal infection is found worldwide and is among the most prevalent human microbial diseases. It has been mentioned that severe generalized periodontal disease is present in 8% to 13% of the world’s total adult population 1. The roles of infection and inflammation in atherosclerosis have become increasingly…

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Smoking as a risk factor for periodontitis

Introduction Periodontal diseases are a group of conditions affecting the supporting structures of the dentition. These are multifactorial diseases where many risk factors affect the progression of the disease. Among those risk factors identified for periodontitis are bacterial colonization, age, gender, socioeconomic status, genetic predisposition, certain systemic conditions, and smoking. Tobacco smoking has been found…

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