Introduction to periodontal maintenance Periodontal diseases are multifactorial diseases where host-microbial interactions lead to the destruction of periodontal soft and hard tissues. Various forms of periodontitis can be efficiently treated with non-surgical and surgical therapy, but periodic periodontal maintenance is important for the maintenance of periodontal health after active periodontal treatment. Periodontal maintenance is defined…
Read MoreIntroduction to ortho-perio interrelationship Orthodontic treatment has become one of the most commonly carried out dental treatment in adolescents and young adults. The most commonly argued rationale for this treatment is that dental alignment obtained with orthodontic therapy facilitates plaque removal and reduces occlusal trauma. The bristles of the toothbrush fail to reach all tooth…
Read MoreIntroduction to endo-perio lesions The term “endo-perio” lesion has been proposed to describe the destructive lesions resulting from inflammatory products found in varying degrees in both the periodontial and pulpal tissues. The periodontium and dental pulp are inter-linked from embryonic stage. The dental pulp originates from dental papilla and the periodontal ligament originates from dental…
Read MoreIntroduction A furcation (or furca) is the area of a tooth where the root divides from the common root trunk into a bifurcation or trifurcation. Furcation involvement in posterior teeth is the result of progressive periodontal breakdown due to inflammation. It is important to determine the extent of furcation involvement to make an appropriate diagnosis…
Read MoreIntroduction to piezosurgery Piezosurgery is a new technique which performs osteotomy or osteoplasty utilizing ultrasonic vibrations. It is primarily an ultrasound machine with modulated frequency and a controlled tip vibration range. It has received a wide acceptance in the medical and dental profession in a relatively shorter duration of time. It has simplified the surgical…
Read MoreIntroduction to periodontal microsurgery Periodontal microsurgery is one of the many advances that have taken place in the field of surgical periodontal therapy. Microsurgery is described as a methodology, a modification, and refinement of existing surgical techniques that uses magnification to improve visualization and has implications for and applicability to all specialities1. Historically, the first…
Read MoreIntroduction to periodontal esthetic surgeries Esthetics is the prime focus of today’s dental care. Along with the functionally efficient occlusion, patients frequently ask for an esthetic smile. Esthetic dentistry is not just limited to color matching composite or porcelain restorations, but it refers to the overall presentation of the orofacial complex. Color and contour of…
Read MoreIntroduction to tissue engineering Regeneration of the lost periodontal tissues is the ultimate goal of a successful periodontal therapy. A lot of techniques have been used to achieve this goal so far. More recent introduction in this context is the concept of tissue engineering. Tissue engineering is defined as the science of fabrication of new…
Read MoreIntroduction to root surface biomodification To achieve new attachment on the diseased root surfaces affected by periodontal disease, it is necessary to eliminate calculus, bacterial plaque and other cytotoxic substances on or within the root surface. Periodontitis-affected root surfaces are hypermineralized and contaminated with cytotoxic and other biologically active substances 1. The non-surgical periodontal therapy,…
Read MoreIntroduction to guided bone regeneration Periodontal regeneration has been a field of research for quite a long time now. Although, complete periodontal regeneration is still to be achieved; we have succeeded in developing techniques which enhance regeneration. These techniques include root surface biomodification, guided tissue regeneration, application of fibrin-rich, and platelet-rich plasma in periodontal regeneration…
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