Introduction The primary etiology of periodontal diseases is various periodontopathogenic bacteria and their products. Plaque formation and maturation is the first step in the initiation of the periodontal disease process. The calcified plaque or calculus harbor plaque on its surface, thereby facilitating more plaque accumulation. Historically, it was well understood that achieving plaque and calculus…
Read MoreIntroduction to periodontal dressing The rationales 29, 30 for placing periodontal dressing are protection of wounds from post-operative irritation, preventing trauma, preventing salivary contamination, preventing gingival detachment from root surface, preventing coronal displacement of the flap where the flap has been apically positioned, providing additional support to free gingival grafts, splinting mobile teeth, reducing tooth…
Read MoreIntroduction to sutures The primary objective of suturing is to position and secure surgical flaps to promote optimal healing (primary healing). In other words, we can say that the flaps are immobilized to stabilize the wound. Suturing reduces post-operative pain and increases patient comfort. It also reduces the chances of infection in deeper tissues, like…
Read MoreIntroduction The intra-operative management of the patient primarily includes soft tissue management and hemostasis. Because periodontal surgeries are delicate surgeries and the final outcome of the surgical procedure depends upon the vascularity of tissue, gentle handling of the tissue is very important during periodontal surgeries. In the following paragraphs, we shall read about the above-stated…
Read MoreIntroduction Periodontal surgical procedures require adequate asepsis and disinfection. The preparation of the operating room, operating team, and the patient should be done systematically. An appropriately performed surgical procedure in a complete aseptic condition minimizes the chances of post-operative complications related to infections and also minimizes the chances of transmission of infections. In the following…
Read MoreIntroduction to asepsis and disinfection Sterilization and disinfection are the cornerstones of any surgical procedure. Before performing a periodontal surgical procedure, the standard protocol to sterilize and disinfect the instrument and equipment should be adhered strictly. There are many items in a dental office that are used during dental surgical procedures. Many od them can…
Read MoreIntroduction Similar to the general principles of surgery, there are three primary objectives which should be achieved during periodontal surgery, including inflicting the wound without pain, adequate control of bleeding during the procedure and adequate healing of the wound following the procedure. Adequate asepsis and gentle handling of the tissue during the procedure ensure appropriate…
Read MoreIntroduction Periodontium consists of gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone. These structures surround and support the teeth and function as a unit to keep the teeth in position. The components of periodontium are supported and surrounded by various anatomical structures. Periodontitis and other pathologies associated with tooth and its supporting structures are commonly treated…
Read MoreIntroduction to Lasers Periodontal diseases consist of a group of inflammatory diseases initiated by bacteria that colonize the teeth and infect their surrounding soft tissues. Bacteria and their products contaminate the root surface and make it biologically incompatible for soft tissue attachment. It is well established that a clean root surface is mandatory for the…
Read MoreIntroduction to Electrosurgery Electrosurgery is the passage of radio frequency or the high-frequency electrical current through the tissue to create a desired clinical effect on the tissue. This high-frequency energy is used to cut or coagulate the tissue. Application of high-frequency electrical current causes tissue to literally vaporize as the electrode passes through the tissue…
Read More