Introduction Periodontal diseases, primarily characterized by inflammation and destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth, pose significant health challenges. Traditional treatment modalities include mechanical debridement, surgical interventions, and pharmacological therapies. However, these approaches often have limitations, including patient discomfort, risk of infection, and varying degrees of efficacy. In recent years, photobiostimulation (PBM), also known…
Read MoreIntroduction Implant dentistry has undergone significant advancements over the years, leading to improved outcomes and patient satisfaction. One notable development is the concept of implant platform switching. Platform switching has revolutionized dental implantology by addressing one of the primary concerns in implant therapy: crestal bone loss. This technique has gained considerable attention for its potential…
Read MoreIntroduction Periodontitis is a complex, chronic inflammatory disease that affects the supporting structures of the teeth, including the gingiva, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. It results from the interaction between microbial biofilms and the host’s immune response. Understanding the immune response in periodontitis is crucial for developing effective treatments and preventive strategies. A critical aspect…
Read MoreIntroduction Scaffolds designed for carrying growth factors are fundamental in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. These scaffolds provide a three-dimensional (3D) structure that mimics the extracellular matrix (ECM), facilitating cellular activities such as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. The integration of growth factors into these scaffolds further enhances their regenerative potential by directing cellular behavior and…
Read MoreIntroduction Salivary markers for periodontal diseases are emerging as non-invasive, accessible, and cost-effective tools for the diagnosis, monitoring, and management of periodontal conditions. Saliva contains a variety of biomarkers, including proteins, enzymes, cytokines, and microbial components, which can reflect the health status of periodontal tissues. These markers can be assessed using techniques like enzyme-linked immunosorbent…
Read MoreIntroduction Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally occurring substance in the body, found primarily in connective tissues, skin, and eyes. It is a glycosaminoglycan, a type of long, unbranched polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units. Unlike other glycosaminoglycans, HA does not contain sulfur and is not sulfated. It forms a coiled linear chain in a…
Read MoreIntroduction Viral infections are commonly seen on the oral mucosa and surrounding soft tissues. Many infections are subclinical and subside without any complication. However, with an increasing number of patients with immunosuppression, iatrogenic immunosuppression, anticancer therapy and organ transplant, these infections present with significant morbidity and complications. In the following discussion, we shall read about…
Read MoreIntroduction Fungi are important constituents of the normal microflora of the oral cavity. Like most of the bacterial species, they do not cause any disease in a healthy individual. Fungal infections are mostly observed in immunocompromised patients. In other words, we can say that these are opportunistic infections, which precipitate when the immune system of…
Read MoreIntroduction Inflammation is a protective response involving host cells, blood vessels, and proteins and other mediators, that is intended to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury, as well as the necrotic cells and tissues resulting from the original insult, and to initiate the process of repair. Inflammation may occur due to many causes, including…
Read MoreIntroduction There is a range of oral mucosal lesions and conditions which increase the risk of malignancy. Before going into the details, we should know what is the difference between premalignant lesions and conditions. A precancerous lesion is a morphologically altered tissue in which oral cancer is more likely to occur than in its apparently…
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