Introduction Arrestin beta-2 (ARRB2), one of the four members of the arrestin family, plays a pivotal role in cellular signaling, particularly in the regulation of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Arrestins, including ARRB2, are versatile scaffold proteins that modulate various signaling pathways, influencing physiological and pathological processes. Arrestin beta-2 is a multi-domain protein consisting of approximately 410…
Read MoreIntroduction As discussed in COVID-19 and dental practice Part-I, COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, first emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. It rapidly evolved from a localized outbreak into a global pandemic, leading to unprecedented challenges for public health systems, economies, and societies worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a…
Read MoreIntroduction Who does not know about COVID-19 pandemic? The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has had a profound impact globally since it began in late 2019. As of now, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 6 million reported deaths worldwide. However, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the actual death toll,…
Read MoreIntroduction Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly evolved from a concept of science fiction to a transformative force in various industries, including healthcare. Dentistry, particularly the fields of periodontics and implantology, has seen significant advancements due to the integration of AI technologies. These innovations have the potential to revolutionize diagnostic processes, treatment planning, and patient care,…
Read MoreIntroduction Botulinum toxin, commonly known as Botox, is widely recognized for its cosmetic applications in reducing facial wrinkles. However, its utility extends far beyond aesthetic enhancements. In dentistry, Botox is gaining traction for its therapeutic benefits in treating a variety of orofacial conditions. Botox is derived from the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The Hall strain of…
Read MoreIntroduction Periodontal diseases, primarily gingivitis and periodontitis, are among the most common oral health issues globally, affecting a significant portion of the population. These conditions, characterized by inflammation and destruction of the supporting structures of teeth, can lead to tooth loss if not adequately managed. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management and…
Read MoreIntroduction Implant dentistry has undergone significant advancements over the years, leading to improved outcomes and patient satisfaction. One notable development is the concept of implant platform switching. Platform switching has revolutionized dental implantology by addressing one of the primary concerns in implant therapy: crestal bone loss. This technique has gained considerable attention for its potential…
Read MoreIntroduction Periodontitis is a complex, chronic inflammatory disease that affects the supporting structures of the teeth, including the gingiva, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. It results from the interaction between microbial biofilms and the host’s immune response. Understanding the immune response in periodontitis is crucial for developing effective treatments and preventive strategies. A critical aspect…
Read MoreIntroduction Scaffolds designed for carrying growth factors are fundamental in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. These scaffolds provide a three-dimensional (3D) structure that mimics the extracellular matrix (ECM), facilitating cellular activities such as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. The integration of growth factors into these scaffolds further enhances their regenerative potential by directing cellular behavior and…
Read MoreIntroduction Salivary markers for periodontal diseases are emerging as non-invasive, accessible, and cost-effective tools for the diagnosis, monitoring, and management of periodontal conditions. Saliva contains a variety of biomarkers, including proteins, enzymes, cytokines, and microbial components, which can reflect the health status of periodontal tissues. These markers can be assessed using techniques like enzyme-linked immunosorbent…
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