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« Anti-inflammatory cytokines are IL-4, IL-10, IL-11, IL-13, IL-16, transforming growth factor Î², soluble TNF-receptor and soluble interleukin-1 receptor. » ... « The alveolar bone proper is 0.1 to 0.4 mm thick and is consisted of a Harversian system and lamellated and bundle bone. » ... « The immune response to infection is regulated by the balance between T helper (Th) 1 and Th2 cytokines. The differentiation of Th1 and Th2 T cell subsets is determined by a number of factors, including the antigen itself, antigen dose, route of administration, nature of the antigen-presenting cell and co-stimulatory molecules. » ... « Lymphocytes comprise 20-40% (1000 - 4000 cells/Î¼l) of all leukocytes. » ... « Markers/Receptors on B cells are Surface Immunoglobulin (IgM and IgD), CD40, B7, ICAM-1, LFA-1, MHC II, CD32 (Ig Fc receptor), CD35 (Receptor for complement component). » ... « Genes for HLA are clustered in MHC located on Chromosome 6: 6p21. » ... « Most leukotoxin producing strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans are of serotype b. » ... « Re-classification of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans has been done on the basis of Phylogenetic similarity of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Haemophilus aphrophilus, Haemophilus paraphrophilus, and Haemophilus segnis. » ... « There are three types of elastic ï¬bers: elastin, oxytalan, and elaunin. Only oxytalan ï¬bers are present within the periodontal ligament. » ... « The main components of Basement Membrane are laminin, type IV collagen, fibronectin, type VII collagen and proteoglycans. » ... « Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are potent growth factors belonging to the Transforming Growth Factor-Î² superfamily. » ... « Red complex of the microbial complexes includes Tannerella forsythia, Porphvromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola. »

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