Category: Basic Periodontology

Introduction The thesis, antithesis, and synthesis framework, derived from Hegelian dialectics, can be a useful way to conceptualize the interrelationship between two or more variables. Hegelian dialectics is a philosophical framework developed by the German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831) (reference available in book). It is a method of logical progression that explores the…

Introduction Dental plaque is a complex biofilm composed of bacteria, their by-products, host cells, and organic molecules that form on tooth surfaces. It is a primary etiological factor in the development of periodontal diseases, which include gingivitis and periodontitis. In periodontal disease, dental plaque accumulation triggers an inflammatory response in the gums. Initially, this response…

Introduction Genetic Polymorphism refers to the occurrence of two or more distinct alleles at a particular gene locus within a population’s genetic makeup, where the least common allele has a frequency of at least 1% in the population. These variations can exist in the form of single nucleotide differences, insertions, deletions, or larger structural changes…

Introduction Periodontal diseases, primarily gingivitis and periodontitis, are among the most common oral health issues globally, affecting a significant portion of the population. These conditions, characterized by inflammation and destruction of the supporting structures of teeth, can lead to tooth loss if not adequately managed. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management and…

Introduction Periodontitis is a complex, chronic inflammatory disease that affects the supporting structures of the teeth, including the gingiva, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. It results from the interaction between microbial biofilms and the host’s immune response. Understanding the immune response in periodontitis is crucial for developing effective treatments and preventive strategies. A critical aspect…

Introduction Salivary markers for periodontal diseases are emerging as non-invasive, accessible, and cost-effective tools for the diagnosis, monitoring, and management of periodontal conditions. Saliva contains a variety of biomarkers, including proteins, enzymes, cytokines, and microbial components, which can reflect the health status of periodontal tissues. These markers can be assessed using techniques like enzyme-linked immunosorbent…

Introduction Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally occurring substance in the body, found primarily in connective tissues, skin, and eyes. It is a glycosaminoglycan, a type of long, unbranched polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units. Unlike other glycosaminoglycans, HA does not contain sulfur and is not sulfated. It forms a coiled linear chain in a…